ADFS – How to enable Trace Debugging and advanced access logging

Posted on by rkmigblog

Dieser Beitrag wurde am 18.11.2015 um 22:38:18 in Cloudy Migration Life veröffentlicht

ADFS – How to enable Trace Debugging and advanced access logging
Debugging an Active Directory Federation Services 3.0 farm together with the Web Application Proxy servers in front can be a very complex task when you think of all the different constellations that can be served by this technology. Especially when it comes to access from mobile devices and Microsoft Online as relying Party.
In principle, trace debugging can have 3 target scopes:

  • Trace debugging on the backend – on WAP servers and ADFS servers to see how the authentication request is terminated
  • Trace debugging on the accessing device – to see how the authentication request is initiated
  • Network trace to see the authentication flow travels from device to the ADFS farm and back. Actually you need to terminate the SSL connection with a special tool like Fiddler to inspect the content.

For many professionals the Fiddler trace will be the most complex way to start debugging, especially when you are acting in secured and controlled enterprise network. Many apps on mobile devices (e.g. the Office Apps for Android) also show poor logging and tracing capabilities to show what the app is actually doing in terms of federated authentication.

Therefore, we should utilize the complete debugging capabilities of ADFS as preferred option. As long as there is a communication between device and WAP/ADFS servers, we fortunately receive a lot of information from the Trace logs of the backend servers.

STEP 1: Set Trace level and enable ADFS Tracing log:
Please enable the debugging logging on the ADFS 3.0 Server:
Open an elevated CMD window and type the following command: C:Windowssystem32>wevtutil sl “AD FS Tracing/Debug” /L:5

In Event Viewer highlight “Application and Services Logs”, right-click and select “View – Show Analytics and Debug Logs”

In Event Viewer highlight “Application and Services Logs”, right-click and select “View – Show Analytics and Debug Logs”
Navigate to AD FS Tracing – Debug, right-click and select “Enable Log” to start Trace Debugging immediately.

 


Navigate to AD FS Tracing – Debug, right-click and select “Disable Log” to stop Trace Debugging.
It is difficult to scroll and search in the events page by page in the Debug Log. Therefore save all Debug events into an *.evtx file first.


Open the saved log again. Now you can scroll and search a lot smoother through the events.

STEP 2: Enable Object access auditing to see access data in security logs:
If we want to see exhausting data about access activities on the ADFS servers we have to tun on object access auditing (not account logon auditing). You have to enable auditing in 2 locations on the ADFS server.

  1. Turn on auditing in the ADFS GUI. On the primary ADFS server right-click on Service and activate “Success audits” and “Failure audits”. This setting is valid for all ADFS servers in the farm.
  2. To make this setting actually work, you have to do a second step on the ADFS server in the Local Security Policy (unless there is a similar Group Policy setting coming from the Active Directory structure).
    Open the GPO Editor, navigate Computer ConfigurationWindows SettingsSecurity SettingsLocal PoliciesAudit Policy and configure “Audit Object Access” with “Success” and “Failure”. This setting has to be made in the Local Security Policy on each ADFS server (or a GPO is set on OU or different level in Active Directory).
  3. Looking at the security event logs of the ADFS servers, you will notice a much higher amount of events coming in which provide a much higher level of insights.

It is a good starting point to exactly note the time when running e.g. an access attempt and then look up the timestamps (+ offset for runtime) in both event logs, ADFS Trace Debugging and Security.


“Missing-Partition-for-run-step” error when starting first Import job in Microsoft Azure AD Sync

Posted on by rkmigblog

After installing the latest Version of Azure AD Sync we received the error “missing-Partition-for-run-step” in the Operation pane of the Synchronization Service Manager when trying to start the Full Import as very first step in our Run Profile.

The error only shows up when both is true:

  • The AD Forest as source of the Synchronization is a multi-Domain Forest
  • You configured the Azure AD sync to synchronize not all Domains of the Forest

By default the Azure AD Installation procedure creates a default run profile that includes all partition (domains) for the Import, while we filtered out the root domain in the Connector configuration.
To resolve the problem you need to clean up the Run Profile created by the Azure AD Sync wizard automatically. From Connectors pane select “Configure Run Profiles” and delete the run steps that include the unwanted “domains”. After the cleanup, you will successfully run the Import job.

Recommended Blog Post: The good, the bad and sIDHistory

Posted on by rkmigblog

Based on various experiences with Exchange 2010 behavior after an Exchange and Active Directory Inter Forest Migration, Exchange PRO Ingo Gegenwarth published this interesting Post:

The clueless guy

This post is about my personal journey with a cross-forest migration.

When it comes to account migration there is no way to do so without sIDHistory. It would be really hard to have a smooth migration without.

By using this attribute a end-user most likely won’t experience any impact…..unless you start doing a cleanup of this attribute.

In terms of Exchange users might see something like this

Calendar_Error

or this

Inbox_Error

But what’s behind those issues and how could you mitigate this? I was part of a migration, where those issues popped up and I’m going to describe how you could determine possible impact for end-users before it happens.

View original post 3,675 more words

SSL Hardening for Web Application Proxy Servers

Posted on by rkmigblog

The Web Application Proxy (WAP) Servers act as an SSL termination instance towards the Internet. External connections that try to access the Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS) farm or internal applications that are published via the Web Application Proxy will terminate their SSL connections at the Web Application Proxy. Unfortunately, the Windows 2012R2 server default settings allow a lot of SSL Cipher Suites that are publically known as weak or “outdated” like SSLv3, DES encryption and key length below 128bit. The preferred Server Ciphers of a freshly installed and updated Windows 2012R2 server are SSLv3    168 bits        DES-CBC3-SHA TLSv1    256 bits        AES256-SHA Therefore from a network security standpoint it is mandatory to harden the SSL settings on the Web Application Servers BEFORE opening the WAP server in the DMZ for incoming Internet connections. The best option to harden the SSL settings on a standalone Windows Server 2012R2 is to modify the Local Group Policy: From a commandline run: “gpedit.msc”. In the computer section navigate to “Administrative Templates – Network – SSL Configuration Settings”  Edit the “SSL Cipher Suite Order”:

The listed Cipher suites can be exported and adjusted to the actual security requirements by deleting the unwanted Ciphers from the list. As a minimum all combinations that contain SSL2, SSL3, DES, 3DES, MD5 elements are deleted as well as all combination with a cipher length below 128bit.

Information

The list needs to be sorted in a way that the preferred SSL ciphers are on top.

Afterwards create a string of the values from list and separate each cipher by “,” without any blank. Don’t leave a “,” at the end of the string. The input box in the GPO menu has a limited size. Make sure that your string fits into this limit. If not, delete further ciphers which are not widely used.

Warning!

It looks like simply activating the new local GPO by running “gpupdate /force” is not sufficient. Please reboot the WAP servers one-by-one after setting the SSL cipher policy

However, before we open the firewall, an internal test should be executed to validate the SSL hardening. You can run the sslscan tool (you can download from here sslscan) from another computer in the DMZ or the WAP server itself. DNS resolving of the federation or application name must resolve to the external Load Balancer or interface of the WAP server. Example for SSL Server Ciphers before SSL Hardening (left side) and after SSL Hardening (right side):

When the Web Application Proxy server has been connected to the Internet finally, a second check can be achieved by using one of the proven Internet based SSL scan tools, e.g. https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/ .

You can find a string of the recommended SSL ciphers for importing into local GPO here.

Active Directory Federation Services 3.x Technology Basics

Posted on by rkmigblog

Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) provides Web single-sign-on to authenticate a user to related external hosted Web applications. AD FS performs this by securely sharing digital identity and entitlement rights or claims across security and enterprise boundaries.

AD FS supports distributed authentication and authorization over the Internet to provide access to resources that are offered by trusted partners.

Another aspect of ADFS technology can be found in providing external access from Internet connections to internal resources. In that case the ADFS server can provide an additional layer of security by offering various pre-authentication methods, while the second part of the ADFS technology, the Web Application Proxy server (WAP) acts as a Reverse Proxy by terminating the incoming SSL connections.

In version 3.0 of the ADFS technology, the WAP server cannot be run without ADFS server in the backend, which stores the configuration of the WAP servers. The WAP servers themselves are “stateless” and therefore easy to scale up behind a Layer 4 Load Balancer.

ADFS Server Farms

The Active Directory Federation Services technology can be scaled out by deploying multiple ADFS servers in a farm model. The servers share the same configuration information which is stored in a database on each server (Windows Internal Database (WID) model) or in a central SQL store. In most of the implementations, the WID model is used.
For using the WID model, the configuration can only be modified on the Primary ADFS server and is then replicated to all other ADFS servers of the same farm.
To find the Primary Server use the command “get-adfssyncproperties” on one of the ADFS servers:

Web Application Proxy server

The Web Application Proxy Server is typically the Internet facing component of the Active Directory Federation Services technology. Located in the DMZ, the Web Application Proxy (WAP) servers act as reverse proxy server and terminate the incoming SSL connects from the Internet to the published applications.
Web Application Proxy servers are N to 1 connected to a specific ADFS server (farm). Multiple WAP servers can be easily configured for Layer 4 Loadbalancing.
Since WAP servers are “stateless”, they do not store any persistent configuration information, but load the information from the Primary ADFS server. Therefore a WAP server cannot exist without underlying ADFS server and needs to be installed after the ADFS farm has been deployed.

When acting as reverse proxy for client access using IWA (Integrated Windows Authentication) or when serving non claims aware application access based on Kerberos, the WAP servers must be able to perform Kerberos Constrained Delegation. The WAP server presents a Kerberos token on behalf of the accessing client or user, which in consequence requires the WAP server to be a member of an Active Directory domain. Unfortunately the domain membership of the WAP server means to open a lot more ports from the DMZ to the internal network, which is a disadvantage from network security perspective.

For that reason, applications that do not require Kerberos Constrained Delegation should always be published on non domain based WAP servers, where the exception is to publish applications on domain based WAP servers.

Example for ADFS Farm structure: